And they have produced new theories and tests that broaden the concept of intelligence beyond its traditional boundaries.Īs a result, many of the biases identified by critics of intelligence testing have been reduced, and new tests are available that, unlike traditional intelligence tests, are based on modern theories of brain function, says Alan Kaufman, PhD, a clinical professor of psychology at the Yale School of Medicine.įor example, in the early 1980s, Kaufman and his wife, Nadeen Kaufman, EdD, a lecturer at the Yale School of Medicine, published the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), then one of the only alternatives to the WISC and the Stanford-Binet.
They have developed new, more sophisticated ways of creating, administering and interpreting those tests. They have done so in a number of ways, including updating the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale so they better reflect the abilities of test-takers from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Since the 1970s, intelligence researchers have been trying to preserve the usefulness of intelligence tests while addressing those concerns. Army during World War I-it has spawned a variety of aptitude and achievement tests that shape the educational choices of millions of students each year.īut intelligence testing has also been accused of unfairly stratifying test-takers by race, gender, class and culture of minimizing the importance of creativity, character and practical know-how and of propagating the idea that people are born with an unchangeable endowment of intellectual potential that determines their success in life. And, since the administration of the original Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)-adapted in 1926 from an intelligence test developed for the U.S. military place its new recruits in positions that suit their skills and abilities. Since Alfred Binet first used a standardized test to identify learning-impaired Parisian children in the early 1900s, it has become one of the primary tools for identifying children with mental retardation and learning disabilities. It is certainly one of the field's most persistent and widely used inventions. Standardized intelligence testing has been called one of psychology's greatest successes.
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